The ideal of self-actualization is based on the assumption that work is an essential source of expression of one's being. According to this ideal, work is not "merely" an instrument to earn money in order to achieve economic independence, but rather the issue of one's own identity is central to work: it expresses who one is or who one would like to be.
On the side of society, the following two ideals, in particular, became foundations of the modern work paradigm: work as a source of human liberation from the dictates of natural fax list necessity, and work as a source of social prosperity. Both ideals were established by the scientific and industrial revolutions of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. It can be said that the first ideal is the technical ideal of work, and the second, the economic ideal of work.  According to the technical ideal, the combination of work and technology, or work as a medium that drives technical developments, is crucial to freeing humans from the natural needs that define them as physical beings and part of the natural environment. This ideal is based on an idea of freedom according to which the freedom of the human being is essentially expressed in his independence and mastery of nature. According to the economic ideal, labor is a factor of economic production and the real source of economic value creation. This economizing of labor was decisive in shifting the general purpose of labor from "mere" subsistence to increasing general prosperity.
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